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Eye examination is a vital process to crackdown abnormalities arising in the eye region. Eye problems may be light or severe depending upon the location of the disorder and the organ affected by the same. Retinal problems are quite common these days and may directly affect the seeing abilities of an individual if not detected or treated in time.
Eye and Eye Examination
Eye is one of the vital organs of human body and helps a person to see and visualize objects. It plays an important function of capturing and converting light into electro-chemical impulses and helps a person to see an object in the way it is. An eye consists of photoreceptor mechanism that makes an object visible with the help of light and an optical system consisting of lenses adjusts the image before passing the signals to the brain. Retina is the most important organ of the eyes and plays an important role in creating an image and making it visible for a person. Retina is a kind of light-sensitive tissue-lining in the inner surface of eyes.
Eye examination is a method to confirm if all the organs are functioning normally and that a person is able to see an object as it appears. Color blindness, night blindness, partial blindness and problems in focusing an object correctly and easily are all the types of eye disorders that need urgent medical attention. Some disorders may arise at early ages and can be sorted well if proper diagnosis and cure pattern is adopted.
Eye examination also helps to detect and cure other temporary disorders like eye infections or eye irritations. Some infections may affect the vision considerably if not treated in time as they may also spread to other areas of eyes and may even cause injuries or soreness if unattended for too long. Detection of spots in the retina is also a serious situation and may need to be treated by exposing the affected areas to laser.
Types of Eye Examination
External examination is the most preliminary type of examination of eyes. Palpebral fissure, eyelids and tissues adjacent to it, some of the vital areas like iris, conjunctiva, sclera and cornea are some of the important areas falling under the scope of external examination.
Pupil function is also an important kind of examination of eyes and includes thorough testing of pupils for reactivity to light, size of pupils, consensual and direct accommodation. Swinging-flashlight test is quite common in cases where neurological issues related to pupils are detected. Horner's syndrome and Argyll Robertson pupil are some of the common pupil related disorders.
Visual acuity is the capability of an eye to look at an object in a clear way identifying even the finest details. Snellen chart is a commonly used technique to find out visual acuity.
Intraocular pressure is an examination to analyze the flow of aqueous humour from eyes. Diatom tonometry is a common device used to calculate the pressure.
Ophthalmoscopy is a process of in-depth examination of the internal structure of an eye and also checks the status and quality of the red reflex of eyes. Examination of retinal and other tissues is the main aim of this examination. Dilation of pupils becomes important to carry out this process as normal-sized pupils may not give a good view of the internal tissues.
Visual field (confrontation) testing is helpful to test the peripheral or surrounding field of an eye.
Children may have to undergo different types of eye-tests for vision issues and may not be as detailed as those recommended for adults. Some of the common types of eye disorder are hyperopia, myopia, strabismus, presbyopia, diplopia and amblyopia. Hyperopia is a disorder in which a person faces difficulties in focusing on nearby objects. The disorder is also known as hypermetropia and the victim may suffer from blurred vision. It is usually caused due to migraine, sinus infectivity, genetic or age factors.
Diplopia is another common eye disorder in which a victim faces with the issue of double-vision. It may be caused due to various reasons including neurological defects and may severely affect a person's seeing or reading abilities. Myopia is a disorder where a person has a problem in focusing on the image. Light that passes into the eyes does not directly hit the retina and thus, focusing on distant objects becomes difficult, though nearby objects can be viewed quite comfortably.
Strabismus is a disease in which eyes are not aligned normally. The victim is generally known as squint-eyed. The disease may be a result of inefficiency of the relevant muscles to maintain proper alignment or of the brain in failing to maintain proper coordination between the two eyes. Presbyopia is a disorder caused due to age factor and creates hindrances for the victim in focusing on nearby objects. Amblyopia is a defect of eye in which an eye fails to function normally even though it is healthy and physically capable of carrying out its functions normally. The condition is also known as lazy-eye and is not a very common disorder worldwide.
Eye examination is very important to prevent a person form facing partial or complete vision loss. As some of the eye disorders are also related to genetic or neurological causes, thorough examinations help to reveal other health disorders a person might be suffering from and enables him to undergo proper medication at the earliest.
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