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Tetanus
Medical Questions » Tetanus
| Name: Tetanus |
| Also known as: Lockjaw |
| A very serious worldwide disease that attacks muscles. |
Causes of Tetanus
The bacterium Clostridium tetani which lives harmlessly in the gut of many animals, particularly horses. When it passes out in faeces it forms a hard microscopic cyst which contaminates soil. It can remain inactive for many years until it enters a cut or wound where it starts multiplying and produces a chemical (toxin) which spreads throughout the body in the blood. Deep wounds, such as treading on a nail, are particularly susceptible to a tetanus infection. |
Symptoms of Tetanus
The toxin attacks the small muscles used for chewing making it difficult to open the mouth (thus the common name of lockjaw). Larger and larger muscles are then attacked, irritating them and causing severe spasm. Excruciating pain from widespread muscle spasms may be triggered by the slightest noise. The patient remains conscious, but eventually the muscles which control breathing and the heart are affected. |
Tests for Tetanus
Diagnosed by a specific blood test. |
Treatment for Tetanus
No effective treatment other than muscle relaxants and mechanical ventilation. Although the bacteria may be killed by antibiotics, the toxin remains in the body. A vaccine is available, but it does not give lifelong protection, and re-vaccination is necessary every ten years, or after five years if you have a deep wound.
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Complications of Tetanus of its treatment
None. |
Likely Outcome of Tetanus
Death occurs in about 50% of patients, even in good hospitals. |
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